COSMIC «MATRYOSHKA»: A Journey Through the Multiverse
Logarithmic illustration of the observable Universe by Pablo Carlos Budassi / sciencealert.com
Recently, an article by the famous cosmologist Nikodem Poplawski from the University of New Haven was published on the website of Cornell University, one of the largest and most renowned universities in the USA. In it, he provides new evidence for the existence of parallel universes. A side effect of Poplawski’s discoveries is the rejection of the Big Bang theory, which is believed to have created our Universe, and the singularity predicted by Albert Einstein.
A DOOR TO OTHER WORLDS
The hypothesis of Polish physicist Nikodem Poplawski has long intrigued scientists. In 2010, National Geographic and Science included it in the top ten most outstanding scientific ideas. In a brief popular science explanation, it posits that black holes are «doors» to other universes.
Accordingly, our Universe is also inside a black hole that exists in another, more massive Universe. It results in something akin to a cosmic matryoshka of unimaginable size, where multiverses are connected by «wormholes» — tunnels of black holes.
WHITE HOLES JOIN BLACK HOLES
Poplawski proposed a mathematical model to the scientific community that significantly supplements Albert Einstein’s idea of a singularity existing within black holes. Einstein’s general theory of relativity suggests that the superconcentration of matter in a small spatial volume causes a collapse and a singularity.
Poplawski, however, describes this process differently: the death of a star leads not to a singularity but to the formation of a so-called white hole inside a black hole — a «door» to another Universe. In other words, a black hole does not release matter «into the wild» but immediately begins to construct a new world from it, initiating the formation of new stars and galaxies. Since the black hole itself rotates, it imparts its rotation to the new Universe.
HAS THE BIG BANG THEORY BECOME OBSOLETE?
Poplawski’s idea allows us to abandon the Big Bang theory as the source of space-time and instead consider the birth of the Universe as the result of the activity of a white hole. The scientist believes that his hypothesis can explain various cosmic anomalies. For example, the ultrafast formation of some massive galaxies and mysterious gamma-ray bursts, which can be interpreted as our space-time’s reaction to the entry of matter from other universes through a «wormhole».
THREE METRICS
In his new article, Nikodem Poplawski continues to present evidence supporting the existence of neighboring universes within black holes. In his model, the event horizon of black holes, although an area of space-time, does not expand in the same way the Universe does.
He analyzed and compared three metrics — McVittie, Schwarzschild, and FLRW- which describe the properties of a black hole immersed in an expanding Universe, as well as the properties of space-time near and far from it. Discovering inconsistencies in the view a hypothetical observer would see when crossing the event horizon, Poplawski proposed his resolution to these contradictions.
THE UNIVERSE EXPANDS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS
Imagine that a black hole is surrounded by the so-called Einstein–Straus vacuole — a spherical vacuum cavity. Since, according to Hubble’s theory, our Universe is expanding, the boundary of this cavity should also be growing. The FLRW metric describes everything that happens on the outer boundary of the cavity, while the Schwarzschild metric describes the inner boundary.
However, within the event horizon, space-time appears to ignore the expansion of the Universe. Considering the McVittie metric, it must be acknowledged that different parts of the Universe expand at various speeds. This could also serve as indirect evidence that another Universe lies beyond the event horizon.
DO UNIVERSES BIRTH EACH OTHER?
Poplawski believes that on the other side of the event horizon, the Universe oscillates for some time, undergoing a series of cyclic contractions and expansions. In the next stage, it reaches such dimensions that the cosmological constant begins to dominate. This is followed by a third stage — unlimited expansion.
According to Poplawski, we can indeed say that our Universe is part of a cosmic «matryoshka». It originated as a result of cosmic «birth» — from a black hole existing in another, neighboring «parent» Universe. It is then quite logical that the cosmological constant of our Universe could be related to the angular momentum of this black hole’s rotation.
Original research: Black holes in the expanding Universe
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